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Unix atau UNIX adalah sebuah sistem operasi komputer yang diawali dari project Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) pada tahun 1965 yang dilakukan American Telephone and Telegraph AT&T, General Electric (GE), dan Institut Teknologi Massachusetts (MIT), dengan biaya dari Departemen Pertahanan Amerika (Departement of Defence Advenced Research Project, DARPA atau ARPA), UNIX didesain sebagai Sistem operasi yang portable, multi-tasking dan multi-user. - Wikipedia
Asal mula terlahirnya Linux dan OS X (yang digunakan Mac). Unix ditulis menggunakan bahasa C oleh Ken Thompson pada tahun 1969. Tapi bukan yang pertama pada permbuatannya, Ken Thompson hanya menulis ulang dengan menggunakan bahasa C. Unix Ketika pembuatannya pertama kali memang digratiskan. Maka dari itu Unix sangat banyak sekali versinya, Yang membuatnya menjadi barang yang mempunyai Effort oriented itu para pengembangnya sendiri. Unix merambah penggunaannya pada semua bidang dan lembaga-lembaga (Pemerintahan, Lembaga-lembaga pertahanan, Universitas, dll)

pada tahun 1970-an, para mahasiswa pra-sarjana dan pasca-sarjana riak ramai-ramai mulai mengembangkan Unix untuk projek-projek mereka.

Timeline History Of Unix
1969The BeginningThe history of UNIX starts back in 1969, when Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and others started working on the "little-used PDP-7 in a corner" at Bell Labs and what was to become UNIX.
1971First EditionIt had a assembler for a PDP-11/20, file system, fork(), roff and ed. It was used for text processing of patent documents.
1973Fourth EditionIt was rewritten in C. This made it portable and changed the history of OS's.
1975Sixth EditionUNIX leaves home. Also widely known as Version 6, this is the first to be widely available out side of Bell Labs. The first BSD version (1.x) was derived from V6.
1979Seventh EditionIt was a "improvement over all preceding and following Unices" [Bourne]. It had C, UUCP and the Bourne shell. It was ported to the VAX and the kernel was more than 40 Kilobytes (K).
1980XenixMicrosoft introduces Xenix. 32V and 4BSD introduced.
1982System IIIAT&T's UNIX System Group (USG) release System III, the first public release outside Bell Laboratories. SunOS 1.0 ships. HP-UX introduced. Ultrix-11 Introduced.
1983System VComputer Research Group (CRG), UNIX System Group (USG) and a third group merge to become UNIX System Development Lab. AT&T announces UNIX System V, the first supported release. Installed base 45,000.
19844.2BSDUniversity of California at Berkeley releases 4.2BSD, includes TCP/IP, new signals and much more. X/Open formed.
1984SVR2System V Release 2 introduced. At this time there are 100,000 UNIX installations around the world.
19864.3BSD4.3BSD released, including internet name server. SVID introduced. NFS shipped. AIX announced. Installed base 250,000.
1987SVR3System V Release 3 including STREAMS, TLI, RFS. At this time there are 750,000 UNIX installations around the world. IRIX introduced.
1988POSIX.1 published. Open Software Foundation (OSF) and UNIX International (UI) formed. Ultrix 4.2 ships.
1989AT&T UNIX Software Operation formed in preparation for spinoff of USL. Motif 1.0 ships.
1989SVR4UNIX System V Release 4 ships, unifying System V, BSD and Xenix. Installed base 1.2 million.
1990XPG3X/Open launches XPG3 Brand. OSF/1 debuts. Plan 9 from Bell Labs ships.
1991UNIX System Laboratories (USL) becomes a company - majority-owned by AT&T. Linus Torvalds commences Linux development. Solaris 1.0 debuts.
1992SVR4.2USL releases UNIX System V Release 4.2 (Destiny). October - XPG4 Brand launched by X/Open. December 22nd Novell announces intent to acquire USL. Solaris 2.0 ships.
19934.4BSD4.4BSD the final release from Berkeley. June 16 Novell acquires USL
Late 1993SVR4.2MPNovell transfers rights to the "UNIX" trademark and the Single UNIX Specification to X/Open. COSE initiative delivers "Spec 1170" to X/Open for fasttrack. In December Novell ships SVR4.2MP , the final USL OEM release of System V
1994Single UNIX SpecificationBSD 4.4-Lite eliminated all code claimed to infringe on USL/Novell. As the new owner of the UNIX trademark, X/Open introduces the Single UNIX Specification (formerly Spec 1170), separating the UNIX trademark from any actual code stream.
1995UNIX 95X/Open introduces the UNIX 95 branding programme for implementations of the Single UNIX Specification. Novell sells UnixWare business line to SCO. Digital UNIX introduced. UnixWare 2.0 ships. OpenServer 5.0 debuts.
1996The Open Group forms as a merger of OSF and X/Open.
1997Single UNIX Specification, Version 2The Open Group introduces Version 2 of the Single UNIX Specification, including support for realtime, threads and 64-bit and larger processors. The specification is made freely available on the web. IRIX 6.4, AIX 4.3 and HP-UX 11 ship.
1998UNIX 98The Open Group introduces the UNIX 98 family of brands, including Base, Workstation and Server. First UNIX 98 registered products shipped by Sun, IBM and NCR. The Open Source movement starts to take off with announcements from Netscape and IBM. UnixWare 7 and IRIX 6.5 ship.
1999UNIX at 30The UNIX system reaches its 30th anniversary. Linux 2.2 kernel released. The Open Group and the IEEE commence joint development of a revision to POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification. First LinuxWorld conferences. Dot com fever on the stock markets. Tru64 UNIX ships.
2001Single UNIX Specification, Version 3Version 3 of the Single UNIX Specification unites IEEE POSIX, The Open Group and the industry efforts. Linux 2.4 kernel released. IT stocks face a hard time at the markets. The value of procurements for the UNIX brand exceeds $25 billion. AIX 5L ships.
2003ISO/IEC 9945:2003The core volumes of Version 3 of the Single UNIX Specification are approved as an international standard. The "Westwood" test suite ship for the UNIX 03 brand. Solaris 9.0 E ships. Linux 2.6 kernel released.
2007Apple Mac OS X certified to UNIX 03.
2008ISO/IEC 9945:2008Latest revision of the UNIX API set formally standardized at ISO/IEC, IEEE and The Open Group. Adds further APIs
2009UNIX at 40IDC on UNIX market -- says UNIX $69 billion in 2008, predicts UNIX $74 billion in 2013
2010UNIX on the DesktopApple reports 50 million desktops and growing -- these are Certified UNIX systems.
Beberapa Linux yang dikembangkan oleh Vendor-vendor Tertentu
Nama varian UNIXDikembangkan oleh (vendor/organisasi)
A/UXApple Computer
Domain/XApple Computer
DarwinApple Computer (modifikasi yang dilakukan oleh Apple dari kernel BSD dan diaplikasikan pada Mac OS/X).
CTIXConvergent Technology
DistrixConvergent Technology
UniCOSCray Research (sekarang bagian dari Silicon Graphics Incorporated)
DG/UXData General Corporation
Digital UNIXDigital Equipment Corporation (DEC) (dibeli oleh Compaq, sekarang bagian dari Hewlett-Packard)
UltrixDigital Equipment Corporation (DEC) (dibeli oleh Compaq. sekarang bagian dari Hewlett-Packard)
CLIXFairchild Company
HP/UXHewlett-Packard
Tru64Compaq (sekarang bagian dari Hewlett-Packard)
AIXInternational Business Machine (IBM) Corporation
CoherentMark William Company
XENIXMicrosoft Corporation (lalu dijual ke SCO)
DVIXNorthern Telecom
UnixWareNovell Incorporated
SCO UNIXSanta Cruz Operation (SCO) Corporation
SCO XENIXSanta Cruz Operation (SCO) Corporation
SCO OpenServerSanta Cruz Operation (SCO) Corporation
DynixSequent
SINIXSiemens Corporation/Nixdorf
IRIXSilicon Graphics Incorporated (SGI)
SunOSStanford Universities Network (SUN)
SolarisSun Microsystems Incorporated
OpenSolarisSun Microsystems Incorporated
IllumosIllumos.org
EuniceThe Wollongong Group
Uniplus+Unisoft Corporation
BSD UNIXUniversitas California (University of CaliforniaBerkeley, [Amerika Serikat]
BSD/IBSDI (Berkeley Software Design Incorporated)
OSF/1Open Software Foundation
GNU/LinuxFree Software Foundation
GNU/HurdFree Software Foundation
FreeBSD
NetBSD
OpenBSD
NextStep
MinixUniversitas Terbuka Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Belanda
MachUniversitas Carnegie Mellon (Carnegie Mellon University), Amerika Serikat
UNIX System VLucent Technologies (Bell Labs)
QNXQNX Software Systems

Referensi :
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix
http://www.unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html

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